Question 421
A company is running multiple applications on Amazon EC2. Each application is deployed and managed by multiple business units. All applications are deployed on a single AWS account but on different virtual private clouds (VPCs). The company uses a separate VPC in the same account for test and development purposes.
Production applications suffered multiple outages when users accidentally terminated and modified resources that belonged to another business unit. A SolutionsArchitect has been asked to improve the availability of the company applications while allowing the Developers access to the resources they need.
Which option meets the requirements with the LEAST disruption?
A. Create an AWS account for each business unit. Move each business unit's instances to its own account and set up a federation to allow users to access their business unit's account.
B. Set up a federation to allow users to use their corporate credentials, and lock the users down to their own VPC. Use a network ACL to block each VPC from accessing other VPCs.
C. Implement a tagging policy based on business units. Create an IAM policy so that each user can terminate instances belonging to their own business units only.
D. Set up role-based access for each user and provide limited permissions based on individual roles and the services for which each user is responsible.
Question 422
An enterprise runs 103 line-of-business applications on virtual machines in an on-premises data center. Many of the applications are simple PHP, Java, or Ruby web applications, are no longer actively developed, and serve little traffic.
Which approach should be used to migrate these applications to AWS with the LOWEST infrastructure costs?
A. Deploy the applications to single-instance AWS Elastic Beanstalk environments without a load balancer.
B. Use AWS SMS to create AMIs for each virtual machine and run them in Amazon EC2.
C. Convert each application to a Docker image and deploy to a small Amazon ECS cluster behind an Application Load Balancer.
D. Use VM Import/Export to create AMIs for each virtual machine and run them in single-instance AWS Elastic Beanstalk environments by configuring a custom image.
Question 423
A Solutions Architect must create a cost-effective backup solution for a company's 500MB source code repository of proprietary and sensitive applications. The repository runs on Linux and backs up daily to tape. Tape backups are stored for 1 year.
The current solution is not meeting the company's needs because it is a manual process that is prone to error, expensive to maintain, and does not meet the need for a Recovery Point Objective (RPO) of 1 hour or Recovery Time Objective (RTO) of 2 hours. The new disaster recovery requirement is for backups to be stored offsite and to be able to restore a single file if needed.
Which solution meets the customer's needs for RTO, RPO, and disaster recovery with the LEAST effort and expense?
A. Replace local tapes with an AWS Storage Gateway virtual tape library to integrate with current backup software. Run backups nightly and store the virtual tapes on Amazon S3 standard storage in US-EAST-1. Use cross-region replication to create a second copy in US-WEST-2. Use Amazon S3 lifecycle policies to perform automatic migration to Amazon Glacier and deletion of expired backups after 1 year.
B. Configure the local source code repository to synchronize files to an AWS Storage Gateway file Amazon gateway to store backup copies in an Amazon S3 Standard bucket. Enable versioning on the Amazon S3 bucket. Create Amazon S3 lifecycle policies to automatically migrate old versions of objects to Amazon S3 Standard - Infrequent Access, then Amazon Glacier, then delete backups after 1 year.
C. Replace the local source code repository storage with a Storage Gateway stored volume. Change the default snapshot frequency to 1 hour. Use Amazon S3 lifecycle policies to archive snapshots to Amazon Glacier and remove old snapshots after 1 year. Use cross-region replication to create a copy of the snapshots in US-WEST-2.
D. Replace the local source code repository storage with a Storage Gateway cached volume. Create a snapshot schedule to take hourly snapshots. Use an Amazon CloudWatch Events schedule expression rule to run an hourly AWS Lambda task to copy snapshots from US-EAST -1 to US-WEST-2.
Question 424
A company CFO recently analyzed the company's AWS monthly bill and identified an opportunity to reduce the cost for AWS Elastic Beanstalk environments in use. The CFO has asked a Solutions Architect to design a highly available solution that will spin up an Elastic Beanstalk environment in the morning and terminate it at the end of the day.
The solution should be designed with minimal operational overhead and to minimize costs. It should also be able to handle the increased use of Elastic Beanstalk environments among different teams, and must provide a one-stop scheduler solution for all teams to keep the operational costs low.
What design will meet these requirements?
A. Set up a Linux EC2 Micro instance. Configure an IAM role to allow the start and stop of the Elastic Beanstalk environment and attach it to the instance. Create scripts on the instance to start and stop the Elastic Beanstalk environment. Configure cron jobs on the instance to execute the scripts.
B. Develop AWS Lambda functions to start and stop the Elastic Beanstalk environment. Configure a Lambda execution role granting Elastic Beanstalk environment start/stop permissions, and assign the role to the Lambda functions. Configure cron expression Amazon CloudWatch Events rules to trigger the Lambda functions.
C. Develop an AWS Step Functions state machine with "wait" as its type to control the start and stop time. Use the activity task to start and stop the Elastic Beanstalk environment. Create a role for Step Functions to allow it to start and stop the Elastic Beanstalk environment. Invoke Step Functions daily.
D. Configure a time-based Auto Scaling group. In the morning, have the Auto Scaling group scale up an Amazon EC2 instance and put the Elastic Beanstalk environment start command in the EC2 instance user data. At the end of the day, scale down the instance number to 0 to terminate the EC2 instance.
Question 425
A company plans to move regulated and security-sensitive businesses to AWS. The Security team is developing a framework to validate the adoption of AWS best practices and industry-recognized compliance standards. The AWS Management Console is the preferred method for teams to provision resources.
Which strategies should a Solutions Architect use to meet the business requirements and continuously assess, audit, and monitor the configurations of AWS resources? (Choose two.)
A. Use AWS Config rules to periodically audit changes to AWS resources and monitor the compliance of the configuration. Develop AWS Config custom rules using AWS Lambda to establish a test-driven development approach, and further automate the evaluation of configuration changes against the required controls.
B. Use Amazon CloudWatch Logs agent to collect all the AWS SDK logs. Search the log data using a pre-defined set of filter patterns that matches mutating API calls. Send notifications using Amazon CloudWatch alarms when unintended changes are performed. Archive log data by using a batch export to Amazon S3 and then Amazon Glacier for a long-term retention and auditability.
C. Use AWS CloudTrail events to assess management activities of all AWS accounts. Ensure that CloudTrail is enabled in all accounts and available AWS services. Enable trails, encrypt CloudTrail event log files with an AWS KMS key, and monitor recorded activities with CloudWatch Logs.
D. Use the Amazon CloudWatch Events near-real-time capabilities to monitor system events patterns, and trigger AWS Lambda functions to automatically revert non-authorized changes in AWS resources. Also, target Amazon SNS topics to enable notifications and improve the response time of incident responses.
E. Use CloudTrail integration with Amazon SNS to automatically notify unauthorized API activities. Ensure that CloudTrail is enabled in all accounts and available AWS services. Evaluate the usage of Lambda functions to automatically revert non-authorized changes in AWS resources.
Question 426
A company is running a high-user-volume media-sharing application on premises. It currently hosts about 400 TB of data with millions of video files. The company is migrating this application to AWS to improve reliability and reduce costs.
The Solutions Architecture team plans to store the videos in an Amazon S3 bucket and use Amazon CloudFront to distribute videos to users. The company needs to migrate this application to AWS within 10 days with the least amount of downtime possible. The company currently has 1 Gbps connectivity to the Internet with30 percent free capacity.
Which of the following solutions would enable the company to migrate the workload to AWS and meet all of the requirements?
A. Use a multi-part upload in Amazon S3 client to parallel-upload the data to the Amazon S3 bucket over the Internet. Use the throttling feature to ensure that the Amazon S3 client does not use more than 30 percent of available Internet capacity.
B. Request an AWS Snowmobile with 1 PB capacity to be delivered to the data center. Load the data into Snowmobile and send it back to have AWS download that data to the Amazon S3 bucket. Sync the new data that was generated while migration was in flight.
C. Use an Amazon S3 client to transfer data from the data center to the Amazon S3 bucket over the Internet. Use the throttling feature to ensure the Amazon S3 client does not use more than 30 percent of available Internet capacity.
D. Request multiple AWS Snowball devices to be delivered to the data center. Load the data concurrently into these devices and send it back. Have AWS download that data to the Amazon S3 bucket. Sync the new data that was generated while migration was in flight.
Question 427
A company has developed a new billing application that will be released in two weeks. Developers are testing the application running on 10 EC2 instances managed by an Auto Scaling group in subnet 172.31.0.0/24 within VPC A with CIDR block 172.31.0.0/16. The Developers noticed connection timeout errors in the application logs while connecting to an Oracle database running on an Amazon EC2 instance in the same region within VPC B with CIDR block 172.50.0.0/16.
The IP of the database instance is hard-coded in the application instances.
Which recommendations should a Solutions Architect present to the Developers to solve the problem in a secure way with minimal maintenance and overhead?
A. Disable the SrcDestCheck attribute for all instances running the application and Oracle Database. Change the default route of VPC A to point ENI of the Oracle Database that has an IP address assigned within the range of 172.50.0.0/16
B. Create and attach internet gateways for both VPCs. Configure default routes to the internet gateways for both VPCs. Assign an Elastic IP for each Amazon EC2 instance in VPC A
C. Create a VPC peering connection between the two VPCs and add a route to the routing table of VPC A that points to the IP address range of 172.50.0.0/16
D. Create an additional Amazon EC2 instance for each VPC as a customer gateway; create one virtual private gateway (VGW) for each VPC, configure an end- to-end VPC, and advertise the routes for 172.50.0.0/16
Question 428
A Solutions Architect has been asked to look at a company's Amazon Redshift cluster, which has quickly become an integral part of its technology and supports key business process. The Solutions Architect is to increase the reliability and availability of the cluster and provide options to ensure that if an issue arises, the cluster can either operate or be restored within four hours.
Which of the following solution options BEST addresses the business need in the most cost-effective manner?
A. Ensure that the Amazon Redshift cluster has been set up to make use of Auto Scaling groups with the nodes in the cluster spread across multiple Availability Zones.
B. Ensure that the Amazon Redshift cluster creation has been templated using AWS CloudFormation so it can easily be launched in another Availability Zone and data populated from the automated Redshift back-ups stored in Amazon S3.
C. Use Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose to collect the data ahead of ingestion into Amazon Redshift and create clusters using AWS CloudFormation in another region and stream the data to both clusters.
D. Create two identical Amazon Redshift clusters in different regions (one as the primary, one as the secondary). Use Amazon S3 cross-region replication from the primary to secondary region, which triggers an AWS Lambda function to populate the cluster in the secondary region.
Question 429
A company prefers to limit running Amazon EC2 instances to those that were launched from AMIs pre-approved by the Information Security department. TheDevelopment team has an agile continuous integration and deployment process that cannot be stalled by the solution.
Which method enforces the required controls with the LEAST impact on the development process? (Choose two.)
A. Use IAM policies to restrict the ability of users or other automated entities to launch EC2 instances based on a specific set of pre-approved AMIs, such as those tagged in a specific way by Information Security.
B. Use regular scans within Amazon Inspector with a custom assessment template to determine if the EC2 instance that the Amazon Inspector Agent is running on is based upon a pre-approved AMI. If it is not, shut down the instance and inform Information Security by email that this occurred.
C. Only allow launching of EC2 instances using a centralized DevOps team, which is given work packages via notifications from an internal ticketing system. Users make requests for resources using this ticketing tool, which has manual information security approval steps to ensure that EC2 instances are only launched from approved AMIs.
D. Use AWS Config rules to spot any launches of EC2 instances based on non-approved AMIs, trigger an AWS Lambda function to automatically terminate the instance, and publish a message to an Amazon SNS topic to inform Information Security that this occurred.
E. Use a scheduled AWS Lambda function to scan through the list of running instances within the virtual private cloud (VPC) and determine if any of these are based on unapproved AMIs. Publish a message to an SNS topic to inform Information Security that this occurred and then shut down the instance.
Question 430
A Company had a security event whereby an Amazon S3 bucket with sensitive information was made public. Company policy is to never have public S3 objects, and the Compliance team must be informed immediately when any public objects are identified.
How can the presence of a public S3 object be detected, set to trigger alarm notifications, and automatically remediated in the future? (Choose two.)
A. Turn on object-level logging for Amazon S3. Turn on Amazon S3 event notifications to notify by using an Amazon SNS topic when a PutObject API call is made with a public-read permission.
B. Configure an Amazon CloudWatch Events rule that invokes an AWS Lambda function to secure the S3 bucket.
C. Use the S3 bucket permissions for AWS Trusted Advisor and configure a CloudWatch event to notify by using Amazon SNS.
D. Turn on object-level logging for Amazon S3. Configure a CloudWatch event to notify by using an SNS topic when a PutObject API call with public-read permission is detected in the AWS CloudTrail logs.
E. Schedule a recursive Lambda function to regularly change all object permissions inside the S3 bucket.