Question 151
For compliance reasons, a Security Engineer must produce a weekly report that lists any instance that does not have the latest approved patches applied. TheEngineer must also ensure that no system goes more than 30 days without the latest approved updates being applied.
What would be the MOST efficient way to achieve these goals?
A. Use Amazon Inspector to determine which systems do not have the latest patches applied, and after 30 days, redeploy those instances with the latest AMI version.
B. Configure Amazon EC2 Systems Manager to report on instance patch compliance, and enforce updates during the defined maintenance windows.
C. Examine AWS CloudTrail logs to determine whether any instances have not restarted in the last 30 days, and redeploy those instances.
D. Update the AMIs with the latest approved patches, and redeploy each instance during the defined maintenance window.
Question 152
A company is operating an open-source software platform that is internet facing. The legacy software platform no longer receives security updates. The software platform operates using Amazon Route 53 weighted load balancing to send traffic to two Amazon EC2 instances that connect to an Amazon RDS cluster. A recent report suggests this software platform is vulnerable to SQL injection attacks, with samples of attacks provided. The company's Security Engineer must secure this system against SQL injection attacks within 24 hours. The Security Engineer's solution must involve the least amount of effort and maintain normal operations during implementation.
What should the Security Engineer do to meet these requirements?
A. Create an Application Load Balancer with the existing EC2 instances as a target group. Create an AWS WAF web ACL containing rules that protect the application from this attack, then apply it to the ALB. Test to ensure the vulnerability has been mitigated, then redirect the Route 53 records to point to the ALB. Update security groups on the EC2 instances to prevent direct access from the internet.
B. Create an Amazon CloudFront distribution specifying one EC2 instance as an origin. Create an AWS WAF web ACL containing rules that protect the application from this attack, then apply it to the distribution. Test to ensure the vulnerability has been mitigated, then redirect the Route 53 records to point to CloudFront.
C. Obtain the latest source code for the platform and make the necessary updates. Test the updated code to ensure that the vulnerability has been mitigated, then deploy the patched version of the platform to the EC2 instances.
D. Update the security group that is attached to the EC2 instances, removing access from the internet to the TCP port used by the SQL database. Create an AWS WAF web ACL containing rules that protect the application from this attack, then apply it to the EC2 instances. Test to ensure the vulnerability has been mitigated, then restore the security group to the original setting.
Question 153
A recent security audit found that AWS CloudTrail logs are insufficiently protected from tampering and unauthorized access.
Which actions must the Security Engineer take to access these audit findings? (Choose three.)
A. Ensure CloudTrail log file validation is turned on.
B. Configure an S3 lifecycle rule to periodically archive CloudTrail logs into Glacier for long-term storage.
C. Use an S3 bucket with tight access controls that exists in a separate account.
D. Use Amazon Inspector to monitor the file integrity of CloudTrail log files.
E. Request a certificate through ACM and use a generated certificate private key to encrypt CloudTrail log files.
F. Encrypt the CloudTrail log files with server-side encryption AWS KMS-managed keys (SSE-KMS).
Question 154
A company's Developers plan to migrate their on-premises applications to Amazon EC2 instances running Amazon Linux AMIs. The applications are accessed by a group of partner companies. The Security Engineer needs to implement the following host-based security measures for these instances:
- Block traffic from documented known bad IP addresses.
- Detect known software vulnerabilities and CIS Benchmarks compliance.
Which solution addresses these requirements?
A. Launch the EC2 instances with an IAM role attached. Include a user data script that uses the AWS CLI to retrieve the list of bad IP addresses from AWS Secrets Manager, and uploads it as a threat list in Amazon GuardDuty. Use Amazon Inspector to scan the instances for known software vulnerabilities and CIS Benchmarks compliance.
B. Launch the EC2 instances with an IAM role attached. Include a user data script that uses the AWS CLI to create NACLs blocking ingress traffic from the known bad IP addresses in the EC2 instance's subnets. Use AWS Systems Manager to scan the instances for known software vulnerabilities, and AWS Trusted Advisor to check instances for CIS Benchmarks compliance.
C. Launch the EC2 instances with an IAM role attached. Include a user data script that uses the AWS CLI to create and attach security groups that only allow an allow listed source IP address range inbound. Use Amazon Inspector to scan the instances for known software vulnerabilities, and AWS Trusted Advisor to check instances for CIS Benchmarks compliance.
D. Launch the EC2 instances with an IAM role attached. Include a user data script that creates a cron job to periodically retrieve the list of bad IP addresses from Amazon S3, and configures iptables on the instances blocking the list of bad IP addresses. Use Amazon Inspector to scan the instances for known software vulnerabilities and CIS Benchmarks compliance.
Question 155
A Security Architect has been asked to review an existing security architecture and identity why the application servers cannot successfully initiate a connection to the database servers. The following summary describes the architecture:
A. Outbound SG configuration on database servers Inbound SG configuration on application servers Inbound and outbound network ACL configuration on the database subnet Inbound and outbound network ACL configuration on the application server subnet
B. Inbound SG configuration on database servers Outbound SG configuration on application servers Inbound and outbound network ACL configuration on the database subnet Inbound and outbound network ACL configuration on the application server subnet
C. Inbound and outbound SG configuration on database servers Inbound and outbound SG configuration on application servers Inbound network ACL configuration on the database subnet Outbound network ACL configuration on the application server subnet
D. Inbound SG configuration on database servers Outbound SG configuration on application servers Inbound network ACL configuration on the database subnet Outbound network ACL configuration on the application server subnet
Question 156
Developers in an organization have moved from a standard application deployment to containers. The Security Engineer is tasked with ensuring that containers are secure.
Which strategies will reduce the attack surface and enhance the security of the containers? (Choose two.)
A. Use the containers to automate security deployments.
B. Limit resource consumption (CPU, memory), networking connections, ports, and unnecessary container libraries.
C. Segregate container by host, function, and data classification.
D. Use Docker Notary framework to sign task definitions.
E. Enable container breakout at the host kernel.
Question 157
Auditors for a health care company have mandated that all data volumes be encrypted at rest. Infrastructure is deployed mainly via AWS CloudFormation; however, third-party frameworks and manual deployment are required on some legacy systems.
What is the BEST way to monitor, on a recurring basis, whether all EBS volumes are encrypted?
A. On a recurring basis, update all IAM user policies to require that EC2 instances are created with an encrypted volume.
B. Configure an AWS Config rule to run on a recurring basis for volume encryption.
C. Set up Amazon Inspector rules for volume encryption to run on a recurring schedule.
D. Use CloudWatch Logs to determine whether instances were created with an encrypted volume.
Question 158
A company became aware that one of its access keys was exposed on a code sharing website 11 days ago. A Security Engineer must review all use of the exposed keys to determine the extent of the exposure. The company enabled AWS CloudTrail in all regions when it opened the account.
Which of the following will allow the Security Engineer to complete the task?
A. Filter the event history on the exposed access key in the CloudTrail console. Examine the data from the past 11 days.
B. Use the AWS CLI to generate an IAM credential report. Extract all the data from the past 11 days.
C. Use Amazon Athena to query the CloudTrail logs from Amazon S3. Retrieve the rows for the exposed access key for the past 11 days.
D. Use the Access Advisor tab in the IAM console to view all of the access key activity for the past 11 days.
Question 159
A Development team has built an experimental environment to test a simple static web application. It has built an isolated VPC with a private and a public subnet.
The public subnet holds only an Application Load Balancer, a NAT gateway, and an internet gateway. The private subnet holds all of the Amazon EC2 instances.
There are 3 different types of servers. Each server type has its own Security Group that limits access to only required connectivity. The Security Groups have both inbound and outbound rules applied. Each subnet has both inbound and outbound network ACLs applied to limit access to only required connectivity.
Which of the following should the team check if a server cannot establish an outbound connection to the internet? (Choose three.)
A. The route tables and the outbound rules on the appropriate private subnet security group.
B. The outbound network ACL rules on the private subnet and the inbound network ACL rules on the public subnet.
C. The outbound network ACL rules on the private subnet and both the inbound and outbound rules on the public subnet.
D. The rules on any host-based firewall that may be applied on the Amazon EC2 instances.
E. The Security Group applied to the Application Load Balancer and NAT gateway.
F. That the 0.0.0.0/0 route in the private subnet route table points to the Internet gateway in the public subnet.
Question 160
Example.com is hosted on Amazon EC2 instance behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB). Third-party host intrusion detection system (HIDS) agents that capture the traffic of the EC2 instance are running on each host. The company must ensure they are using privacy enhancing technologies for users, without losing the assurance the third-party solution offers.
What is the MOST secure way to meet these requirements?
A. Enable TLS pass through on the ALB, and handle decryption at the server using Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman (ECDHE) cipher suites.
B. Create a listener on the ALB that uses encrypted connections with Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman (ECDHE) cipher suites, and pass the traffic in the clear to the server.
C. Create a listener on the ALB that uses encrypted connections with Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman (ECDHE) cipher suites, and use encrypted connections to the servers that do not enable Perfect Forward Secrecy (PFS).
D. Create a listener on the ALB that does not enable Perfect Forward Secrecy (PFS) cipher suites, and use encrypted connections to the servers using Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman (ECDHE) cipher suites.
